Facilities: Page 656

Proactive Emergency Response

It is critical that your staff members know how to react properly, without hesitation, should an emergency occur.Your fitness facility and spa must have well-thought-out, written and rehearsed emergency plans. This is more than just making sure your staff members are CPR-certified or know how to call 911. It is critical that your staff members know how to react properly, without hesitation, should an emergency occur.Your exposure to litigation that may result from an unfortunate accident at your facility is greatly increased when you do not take thorough measures to ensure that all of your employees are well-trained on how to react to emergency situations. Make sure that you have written documentation showing such training and rehearsals for all of your employees. Many times, weekend or part-time employees are left out of monthly staff meetings, and do not have a full grasp of emergency procedures. Personal trainers, group exercise instructors, spa personnel, and maintenance and housekeeping staff may also be left out from these monthly meetings, or even from being trained at all in safety procedures. Spa employees, such as massage practitioners, may only be "on-call," part-time or contracted employees. Include them in your regular training of emergency procedures, as well.Your fitness and spa equipment need to be routinely checked and maintained to ensure that they are safe. Whirlpools, saunas and steam rooms need to be checked for proper operation, and to make sure that they are within safe limits of temperature or environment. Spa equipment needs to be placed on regular maintenance checklists, as well, particularly those items that involve electricity, such as skincare equipment or waxing units that could result in electrical shock.Keeping proper maintenance records and documentation on all of your training efforts for emergency procedures is not only important from a liability standpoint, but it is first and foremost your responsibility to provide a safe facility for your members and guests. Ignoring them or thinking that, "I have been in the business for 10 years, and I have never encountered a life-threatening situation," is not only naive, it is negligent. By not providing sound emergency procedures and training on how to react to emergencies places your members, guests, employees, company and yourself at great risk.

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Choosing Nutrition and Fitness Software

Know what features are best for you and your members when looking for fitness and nutrition software.IF YOUR FITNESS center does not use nutrition and fitness software, you might be earning less than you could. You may be working too hard and serving too few clients when creating fitness and nutrition plans. Your work could be less accurate and less thorough than it should be. Without nutrition and fitness software, you may be less productive and less profitable.Nutrition and fitness software should allow you to calculate your clients' calorie and exercise needs for them to lose, maintain or gain weight. It should also allow you to perform fitness tracking (exercises, activities, calorie expenditures); intake analysis (analysis of food records); information tracking (body weight, body fat content, measurements, body chemistry, etc.); and recipe analysis. These functions help you to generate exercise prescriptions, a variety of informative handouts, detailed reports and professional eating plans.One type of report that is popular with fitness centers is the calorie expenditure report. This type of report may go by a variety of names, but, basically, it shows how many calories would be used for each individual in a variety of activities. The report has the client's name and their most current body weight at the top of the report. It then lists a hundred or so activities and exercises, and the number of calories that this person would use in performing any of these activities for 30 minutes. If you give clients a goal of using, say, 250 calories per day, they can look at their calorie expenditures report and determine which activities they want to perform and for how long. They can mix and match exercises to reach their daily goal.Like the calorie expenditures report, a customized assessment report is easy to produce. This report can be used as an incentive to join your facility or to hire a personal trainer. To create one, a "setup file" is used to control the contents and formatting. Information about the client (first name, last name, current body weight, desired body weight, daily calories to maintain current body weight, daily protein goal, etc.) is inserted wherever you want this information to appear in your report, and as often as you like. You can make your setup file as long or as short as you wish. Some products will let you create different setup files for clients who are losing, gaining or maintaining their body weight. Some products even provide "batch processing" so you can generate these assessment reports automatically for dozens or even hundreds of clients in a single pass.A fitness manager component is useful for tracking calorie expenditures from a wide variety of activities. Look for the ability to edit, delete and (especially) add new activities. Make sure that all calorie expenditures for added exercises are calculated based on the client's most current body weight. You'll also want the ability to enter results from workouts on different types of fitness equipment. Look for the ability to enter data from an indirect calorimeter (like the MedGem or BodyGem). Look for an override of calculated values (for instance, if a doctor prescribes a 1,000-calorie-a-day goal, then you should be able to enter this easily). Look for the ability to set up and track exercises based on target heart rate training methods. Look for packages that help you create workouts by combining exercises and scheduling them. The ability to organize exercises into categories is a plus. A "gym log" that lets you fill in exercises, reps, sets, durations, etc., and allows you to print them for clients is also a useful feature. Some nutrition and fitness software can graph your clients' exercise calories used over time, or exercise calories used compared to weight change.Look for software that asks you to provide a "beginning" and a "desired" percent body fat, then calculates the client's ideal body weight based on the assumption that all weight loss will be fat, and all weight gain will be lean body mass. It will be up to you, of course, to assure that the client's exercise regimen is sufficient to make these assumptions hold. Look for software that will graphically track your client's progress by plotting body fat content over time, body weight over time or both.A multi-day food intake report (also called "food recall" or "food record") makes it easier for you to make useful dietary recommendations to your clients. If you find that clients are taking in 57 percent of their daily calories from fat, and that they think nothing of eating cheeseburgers, fries, potato chips or milkshakes, your recommendations will follow logically from your nutrient analysis.Although most professional nutrition and fitness software place no limits on the number of clients you can track, they vary considerably when it comes to implementation and management of client data. Top products allow you to track exercise data and nutrition information, as well as information like name, age, gender, weight, etc. They let you assign your clients into folders so you can organize them by affiliation (trainer, company, group exercise class), special needs (weight loss, bodybuilding) or any other criteria you want to use to organize your client list. The better nutrition and fitness software products provide you the ability to track clients' contact data in an integrated database that you can export on demand into a format suitable for use with your email program for mass mailings (like a nutrition newsletter, fitness center newsletter or special offers).Look for nutrition and fitness products that have a nutrient database that is wide (many nutrients) and deep (many food items). Some products track only a few thousand food items, while others provide information for tens of thousands. The number of nutrients tracked range from as few as 20 to more than 150 (vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, etc.). Look for a good representation of brand-name foods, restaurant menu items, supplements, and "sport nutritionals" such as exercise recovery drinks, power bars, shakes, bodybuilding formulations, liquid meals and weight-loss products. Look for the ability to add food items, and for the ability to track additional nutrients that your software may not currently track.You may also want to look for software that offers professionally prepared recipes. And make sure you can organize your recipes into categories (bodybuilding, weight loss, vegetarian, hypertension, etc.). It's a waste of time to have to manage hundreds of dissimilar recipes that are lumped together into one huge listing. Having a ready supply of recipes will help you to use them as building blocks for custom meal plans.The advice for recipes is also good for meal plans - choose a software package that offers a wide variety of ready-to-use meal plans. Meal plans are collections of recipes and foods that have been organized into three meals and three snacks (or more) per day for some time period. These plans are designed to address a variety of "special needs," like weight loss, bodybuilding, vegetarian, diabetic, healthy heart, low-carb, hypertension, vegan and so on. Professional meal plans for one special need at, say, eight calorie levels can take a registered dietitian many hours to develop, so creating all of your own from scratch may not be feasible for your business. Software can simplify the process. Be sure you can record a whole meal plan to a client's intake record, since this will save you hours of entering all of the foods and recipes for every meal and snack. Also look for packages that offer each meal plan at several calorie levels. And, finally, look for meal plan editing functions so you can modify any existing plan to suit the needs of any particular client, or use them as the starting point for new plans.Increasing numbers of fitness professionals are using email and the Internet to communicate with clients and market their services. This is a good reason to select nutrition and fitness software that takes advantage of the Internet and its capabilities. Look for software that allows you to save reports (like recipes or intake reports) in a customized webpage, spreadsheet, word processor or PDF format. (PDF files can be posted to your website as a page, or sent to your clients as an email attachment.) If your software contains an integrated client contact manager, look for the ability to export client names and email addresses into a format suitable for use with your email program. If your software supports a web-based questionnaire, you can use it as a marketing tool.The primary output from nutrition and fitness software is the report. Therefore, client reports are not the place to cut corners. Provide your clients with colorful reports on quality paper - let your report convey professionalism and value. Make sure your reports are easy to understand, useful, polished and comprehensive. If your reports are outstanding, you can improve your reputation with your clients. Professional reports will help you win your clients' confidence and trust, and the word will get out.Look at the purchase of nutrition and fitness software as an investment. The more the software can do for you, the more services you can provide to members. And, the more services you can provide, the more quickly you'll recoup your investment. There are a variety of factors (like the features and capabilities discussed above) that you should consider when selecting the ideal nutrition and fitness software package for your needs. Look toward the future and consider going for more capability than you think you need right now. But there are also a number of general considerations you should evaluate, no matter which package you select.Before you lay down your money, do your homework. Educate yourself. Visit company websites. As you learn about capabilities you believe will be useful, add them to your list of "must-have" features. Email questions to the companies who market the products that sound promising. Follow up with phone calls. Listen to the software maker's sales pitch. Get the answers you need. Take notes. Discuss your options with your associates. Then narrow your choices down to the single best product for your particular needs. If you've exercised due diligence, you won't waste time wondering if you made the right decision.

Identify Your Talents, Build Your Strengths

Clearly and accurately identify your talents by looking at your top-of-mind reactions, yearnings, rapid learnings and satisfactions.Have you ever found yourself in a job that didn't use any of your strengths? If you did get back into a position that used your strengths, it is likely because you acknowledged your talents and refocused your life around them. If you're still off your "strength path," the key to getting back on is to identify your talents and find ways to use them. Clearly and accurately identify your talents by looking at your top-of-mind reactions, yearnings, rapid learnings and satisfactions.Monitor your spontaneous, top-of-mind reactions. Observe the way you react in situations you encounter. While reactions under extreme stress reveal dominant talents, thousands of situations in your daily life provoke revealing reactions.Yearnings reveal the presence of talent, especially when felt in early life. At an early age, did you find yourself drawn to certain activities and repelled by others? Childhood passions are created by various connections in the brain. Weaker connections have weaker pull, while the strongest connections are irresistible. They have a magnetic influence, pulling you and igniting a yearning. Yearnings reflect the physical reality that some of your mental connections are stronger than others. No matter how repressed the yearnings are, they will keep calling you.Rapid learning offers another trace of your talents. In some cases, a talent doesn't present itself through a yearning; it is silent. To discover a silent talent, something needs to spark it. Once it has been ignited, the speed at which you learn a new skill provides the tell-tale sign of the talent's presence and power.Satisfactions provide the final talent clue. If it feels good when you perform an activity, there's a good chance you're using a talent. You either feel it or you don't. Identify positive activities that seem to bring you psychological strength and satisfaction. Then, look deeper. For instance, if you've had a satisfaction at work due to overcoming an obstacle, challenge yourself to identify what specifically gave you the satisfaction. Did you appease an angry member? Did you develop and implement a creative and effective marketing program with a decreased budget? Did you increase new member sales without undercutting prices and in light of a downswing in the economy? Pay close attention to the situations that bring you satisfaction. Identify them, and you will be well on your way to pinpointing your talents.

Immunity and Physical Activity

Does exercise strengthen the immune system? It helps to have an understanding of the immune system and immunity.To answer your client's question, it helps to have an understanding of the immune system and immunity. Your body provides resistance to pathogens such as bacteria and viruses in many ways. Scientists classify the components of immune function into two basic categories that make this enormously complex system easier to understand: nonspecific and specific resistance.As usual, whether the effects of exercise are good or bad have to do with the question of balance. In general, regular physical activity strengthens both nonspecific and specific resistance. However, too much exercise, especially prolonged exercise such as running a marathon or suddenly increasing training volume, can decrease both nonspecific and specific resistance. Studies have observed less activity in several types of immune cells, including natural killer cells, phagocytes, and the B and T cells, after prolonged training. This may explain why many athletes find that they get sick after a big competition.

Bodybuilders and Grandmas Welcome

Canadian Body Works Fitness is the largest fitness center in its market.Canadian Body Works Fitness is the largest fitness center in its market, at 48,000 square feet, serving 8,000 members, and is open 24 hours a day. Its success, according to Owner Craig Hawksworth, "is really quite simple: It is found in our reinvestment policy. We are constantly reinvesting our money back into the fitness center, which gives the members a reason to stay. Who wants to be part of a club that's the same as it was five years ago?"Date fitness facility opened: August 1993

Do Extended Warranties Protect Your Investment?

Along with the initial purchase price, the total cost of equipment must also be considered in terms of its lifespan.One of the largest expenses incurred among new fitness centers involves fitness equipment purchases. Unfortunately, this initial equipment expense is not the only concern with regard to budgetary considerations. Along with the initial purchase price, the total cost of equipment must also be considered in terms of its lifespan. This total cost is a combination of initial purchase price and the sum of maintenance, power requirements (mainly with treadmills), repair and down time for the life of the equipment. Although equipment warranties may protect your investment initially, they are usually much shorter in duration than the average lifespan of the equipment. In addition, because equipment warranties are not standard throughout the industry - and while some may cover wear and tear, others may not - it is difficult to place a set value on the total cost. Fortunately, equipment manufacturers are now offering extended warranties, which help protect against unforeseen repair expenses.Extended warranties help to protect your equipment investment by extending the warranty period beyond the standard warranty time. Much like standard warranties, these usually begin when the equipment is placed in service, concurrently with the basic warranty, on a deferred basis. This means that a three-year extended warranty on a piece of equipment that has a standard two-year warranty extends only one year beyond the basic warranty. Price varies, depending on the type of equipment and warranty period. Average three-year extended warranties range around $400 for ellipticals, $300 for cycles and climbers, and $675 for treadmills.The main benefit of extended warranties involves a guarantee against unforeseen repair costs. To determine the average value of the extended warranty, divide the total cost by the warranty period to determine the yearly cost. In the above example, the treadmill policy of $675 for three years works out to $225 a year as a budget expense for equipment repairs. Facilities not protected by extended warranties may be met with equipment repairs at any given time of $500 to $1,000. These unforeseen repairs can, at any given month, quickly deplete your annual repair budget.There are a number of variables to consider when determining whether an extended warranty will benefit your facility:Be aware of special circumstances, varying among the manufacturers, that may void extended warranties, and are also common with standard warranties:

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Applying the ACSM Guidelines

Research shows that the ACSM exercise guidelines are effective for improving body composition and blood pressure in previously sedentary adults. While all of the reported studies showed favorable outcomes for improving strength and body composition, there was little consensus regarding a standard training protocol. For example, important strength-training studies conducted at Tufts University typically featured five or fewer exercises, performed two or three days a week, for three sets of eight repetitions each.9,13,21,11 On the other hand, equally important studies conducted by University of Maryland investigators29,28,25,23 typically featured seven to 14 exercises, performed three days per week, for one to two sets of 15 repetitions each.ACSM guidelinesThe 1995 ACSM exercise guidelines essentially restated and reinforced the 1990 ACSM Position Stand3 with respect to the recommended training protocols for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy adults. Both of these ACSM publications advised previously sedentary but otherwise healthy men and women to perform one set (eight to 12 repetitions) of eight to 10 resistance exercises for the major muscle groups at least two days a week. These guidelines also recommended a minimum of 20 minutes of aerobic activity, three days a week, at sufficient intensity to attain 60 to 90 percent of maximum heart rate.Exercise classes were scheduled mornings, afternoons and evenings on a Tuesday/Thursday sequence (twice per week) and on a Monday/Wednesday/Friday sequence (three times a week). All training sessions were completed within one-hour class periods, and included approximately 20 minutes of resistance exercise and 20 minutes of aerobic activity. Participants with low initial fitness levels required more time to complete the strength-training circuit, and began with shorter bouts of aerobic activity. All exercise classes were carefully instructed and closely supervised (maximum of six participants with two instructors) to ensure compliance with the ACSM exercise guidelines.Program protocolStrength training consisted of one set of each resistance exercise, from larger to smaller muscle groups, with a weightload that could be lifted between eight and 12 repetitions. When a trainee completed 12 repetitions, the resistance was increased by 5 percent (or less). Each exercise repetition was performed in approximately six seconds, with about two seconds for the concentric muscle action and about four seconds for the eccentric muscle action.Participants also performed a 20-second static stretch for the prime-mover muscle group immediately following each resistance-training exercise. For example, upon completing the leg extension exercise, participants performed a 20-second quadriceps stretch; after completing the leg curl exercise, they performed a 20-second hamstrings stretch, and so on, for all 10 strength exercises.Participants in the 10-week introductory fitness program were 1,644 adults between the ages of 21 and 80 years old from the greater Boston area. Each participant completed a medical history questionnaire, and anyone with possible exercise contraindications was required to provide written physician permission before beginning the program. The mean age for the 892 participants who trained twice a week was 56.2 years, and the mean age for the 752 participants who trained three times a week was 51 years.Pre-training and post-training assessment data were collected over an eight-year period from 1996 through 2004, including nine spring, eight summer, eight fall and eight winter exercise sessions of 10 weeks in duration. Ninety-two percent of the previously sedentary adults who enrolled in the exercise program completed all 10 weeks of training. Data for these 1,644 introductory exercise program participants were analyzed by training frequency, gender and age. Beginning values for body weight, body composition and blood pressure are presented in Table 1.Based on these findings, it would appear that three exercise sessions a week may be more beneficial overall, but two weekly workouts are effective for improving body composition and reducing resting blood pressure in previously sedentary adults.Age. The data were also divided into age groups: 1) 21 to 30 years; 2) 31 to 50 years; 3) 51 to 65 years; and 4) 66 to 80 years. The analyses showed no significant differences among the four age groups in body weight, body composition or blood pressure changes. These findings indicate that the ACSM minimum requirement exercise guidelines produce similar improvements in these health/fitness factors for young, middle-aged and older adults.Based on the results attained by 1,644 adults who completed our 10-week introductory exercise program, the 1995 ACSM minimum requirement exercise guidelines are effective for improving body composition and resting blood pressure in previously sedentary men and women between 21 and 80 years of age. On average, 10 weeks of combined strength and endurance training produced a 2 percent reduction in percent fat, a 3.7-pound loss in fat weight, a 3.1-pound gain in lean weight, a 3.8 mmHg-decrease in resting systolic blood pressure and a 1.8 mmHg-decrease in resting diastolic blood pressure (see sidebar).Research indicates that both genetic and psychological factors can influence tolerance for and responsiveness to physical training.6,4 In addition, it would appear that relatively simple and time-efficient exercise protocols may be advantageous for previously inactive adults from an acceptance and compliance perspective. Based on our experiences with beginning exercisers, the 1995 ACSM basic strength and endurance training guidelines provide both a practical and effective approach for improving body composition and resting blood pressure in previously sedentary adults.* Full range of pain-free movement.

Create and Maintain a Safe Work Environment

One common thread of creating and maintaining a quality work environment is that management ensures staff members have a safe and harassment-free environment.ONE OF THE most vital aspects of any business is the importance of creating and maintaining a quality work environment. Although this means different things to different people, one common thread is that management ensures that staff members have a safe and harassment-free environment.A view from the topRemember that harassment comes in many forms, and is carried out in different ways. Sexual harassment, along with various forms of intimidation, are, unfortunately, two of the most common forms of harassment in the fitness center/spa workplace. These can be inflicted from staff member to staff member, customer to staff member or staff member to customer. Some in management may not be certain how to deal with harassment when it is carried out by a customer toward a staff member. However, in every case, your obligation is to deal with this type of behavior swiftly and within the law.The first thing a leader should do is to have a clear, written policy in place that specifically spells out what is expected from every employee. Not only should this policy describe what they should do in the event they are harassed, but it should also describe your expectations about their behavior. When new employees are hired, they should be trained in the policy, and given an opportunity to ask questions. By being proactive, you will eliminate most, if not all, issues and problems.Harassment often starts out subtly and then escalates. Initially, someone may make an off-color remark or make a personal comment about how someone looks. While these things may not seem like harassment, in some individual's eyes, if it is unwanted or offensive, it is harassment.Staff and customers should know that everyone is treated with respect and dignity, and that the highest degree of professionalism is expected. Management should conduct proper background checks on prospective staff to ensure that only quality team members are hired. If you take the time to learn about someone's past behavior, usually you will have more information about whether an individual has the type of character you want as part of your team.Good for businessWhether it's a spa technician, personal trainer, front desk attendant or any other team member, leaders have an obligation to ensure staff is safe at the workplace. Establishing clear guidelines, training, monitoring, having an open-door policy and following up on reports are all vital to ensure you promote and maintain a harassment-free environment.

Informed Consent Agreements

Personal trainers or fitness professionals should consider informed consent agreements to protect themselves.EVERYONE HAS FACED surgery or knows someone who has. If you fall into the first group, you may remember that, prior to the surgery, a staff person gave you some papers to sign. College students are often asked to participate in scientific studies as a subject (usually for extra credit or a small monetary payment). Prior to participating in the study, the student is given some papers to sign. In each case, one of those documents is an informed consent agreement.Informed consent is a document used to protect the surgeon or the research scientist from liability for the informed risks of a treatment to which the signer is subjected. Before surgery, the hospital is warning the patient of the risks of the surgery or treatment -- informing the patient of the things that can go wrong. In the case of research scientists, they are warning the subject of the known potential risks of the experimental treatment or program. The thing that makes the informed consent unique is that something is done to the participant by another party with the consent of the participant.Informed consent agreementsThe doctrine of informed consent derives from two principles:Disclosure requires that all known treatment risks be disclosed to the client. It is important that the signer knows, understands and appreciates the nature of those risks. One of the functions of the agreement is to effectively inform the signer of the risks. Note that the objective is informed consent -- don't simply hand the agreement to clients and have them sign it. Go through the agreement with each client and explain the risks. Make sure they understand them.GuidelinesThe informed consent agreement is based in contract law; thus, the signing parties must be of majority age. If the client is a minor, it is critical to have one or both parents sign the agreement. Also, the informed consent is not a waiver of liability. Clients are not waiving their right to sue for negligence. This agreement simply shows that the client is aware of the treatment risks, and voluntarily assumes those risks.

Product Reviews: Cybex V43 Strength & LCX 425T Treadmill

Star Trac Elite CrossTrainer & Pro Stepper; Cybex VR3 Strength & LCX 425T TreadmillSTAR TRAC INVESTED two years of research and development, and had hundreds of user tests, 60 specific product requirements and 35 prototypes before releasing its Elite CrossTrainer, designed in conjunction with BMW Group DesignworksUSA.With traditional ellipticals, the upper-body motion depends on the lower-body motion. The arms of the machine move along with the pedals regardless of the amount of force (or lack thereof) users provide with their upper body. SelectFit makes the Elite the first machine that allows users to vary their upper-body workout throughout the exercise.High-tech users will appreciate the Elite's Pro Partner technology, which allows them to download and monitor their workout with a Palm-powered handheld to track and log workout speed, heart rate, calories burned and distance.wireless data transfer: Pro Partner technology communicates via infrared (IR) beam with Palm OS softwareTHE FIRST things users will notice about Star Trac's Pro Stepper are the ergonomically designed grip bars running the full length of the machine, and the Aero bar wrapping around the top of the display. This unique curve safely accommodates users of various shapes and sizes, and is the result of careful analysis of hand and body positions of stepper users. No longer will users have to contort their backs and shoulders in order to find a comfortable grip. That should save them from back pain and keep them exercising longer -- and actually get results.The oversized Soft Trac pedals with safety rims let even the most vigorous user feel safe and secure at any speed. At the same time, these same features make even deconditioned or post-rehab members comfortable and stable. Another safety and comfort feature is the rear step platform, for a safe, balanced entry to the low 4-inch step-up height.THE VR3 is the latest in the line of resistance-training equipment from Cybex, and it features several biomechanical advances. Most of the pieces use an Easy Seat base, which is an enclosed seat base adjustment design with a gas spring assist. This lets users adjust their seat height without leaving the machine; they can do it with just one hand.Users will also love the greater and more comfortable range of motion of the Dependent Converging (in the Chest and Overhead Press) and Diverging Movement Technology (in the Row). These arcing movements more naturally replicate human motion, stimulate the target muscles more and minimize stress at the joint.The Row combines a floor-level pivot and a clever, unequal-length four-bar linkage that gives users a near linear path of motion as in a cable row, but with variable resistance that closely matches the body's strength throughout the range of motion. The floor level pivot keeps the machine's profile low, and more uniform with the look of the rest of the VR3 line.IF YOUR facility is looking for a treadmill with a large running surface, but you don't have much space, the Cybex LCX 425T fits the bill. This small package boasts a commercial-sized (20 by 60 inches) running surface, while maintaining a compact footprint.The split-level console helps keep the user's accessories at hand, with a magazine rack, two water bottle holders and a CD/MP3 player holder. The handy upper display lets users select or scan between distance, total calories, calories per hour, METs, pace and heart rate, while the lower display provides time, incline and resistance level.

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